extinction - перевод на французский
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extinction - перевод на французский

TERMINATION OF A KIND OF ORGANISM OR OF A GROUP OF SPECIES IN A POPULATION OR GLOBALLY OVER CERTAIN PERIOD OF TIME
Extict; Extinct; Species loss; Extinctions; Animal extinction; Species extinction; Specicide; Extinction (biology); Extinction (geology); Species Extinction; Planned extinction; Extinction rate; Extinct taxon; Loss of species; Causes of extinction; Biological extinction; Species loss survey
  • The [[golden toad]] was last seen on May 15, 1989. [[Decline in amphibian populations]] is ongoing worldwide.
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  • biomass]] of wild land mammals has declined by 85% since the emergence of humans
  • Scorched land resulting from [[slash-and-burn]] agriculture
  • The [[passenger pigeon]], one of the hundreds of species of extinct birds, was hunted to extinction over the course of a few decades.
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  • The large [[Haast's eagle]] and [[moa]] from New Zealand
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  • The [[thylacine]] (''Thylacinus cynocephalus'') is an example of an extinct species.
  • ''[[Tyrannosaurus]]'', one of the many extinct dinosaur genera. The cause of the [[Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event]] is a subject of much debate amongst researchers.
  • Skeleton of various extinct [[dinosaur]]s; some other dinosaur lineages still flourish in the form of [[birds]]

extinction         
n. extinction, extinguishment; annihilation, total destruction
éteint      
extinct, lifeless, dead
mort         
dead, extinct, gone

Определение

Extinction
·noun State of being extinguished or of ceasing to be; destruction; suppression; as, the extinction of life, of a family, of a quarrel, of claim.
II. Extinction ·noun The act of extinguishing or making extinct; a putting an end to; the act of putting out or destroying light, fire, life, activity, influence, ·etc.

Википедия

Extinction

Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.

More than 99% of all species that ever lived on Earth, amounting to over five billion species, are estimated to have died out. It is estimated that there are currently around 8.7 million species of eukaryote globally, and possibly many times more if microorganisms, like bacteria, are included. Notable extinct animal species include non-avian dinosaurs, saber-toothed cats, dodos, mammoths, ground sloths, thylacines, trilobites, and golden toads.

Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche—and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established. A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with little to no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years.

Mass extinctions are relatively rare events; however, isolated extinctions of species and clades are quite common, and are a natural part of the evolutionary process. Only recently have extinctions been recorded and scientists have become alarmed at the current high rate of extinctions. Most species that become extinct are never scientifically documented. Some scientists estimate that up to half of presently existing plant and animal species may become extinct by 2100. A 2018 report indicated that the phylogenetic diversity of 300 mammalian species erased during the human era since the Late Pleistocene would require 5 to 7 million years to recover.

According to the 2019 Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services by IPBES, the biomass of wild mammals has fallen by 82%, natural ecosystems have lost about half their area and a million species are at risk of extinction—all largely as a result of human actions. Twenty-five percent of plant and animal species are threatened with extinction. In a subsequent report, IPBES listed unsustainable fishing, hunting and logging as being some of the primary drivers of the global extinction crisis.

In June 2019, one million species of plants and animals were at risk of extinction. At least 571 species have been lost since 1750, but likely many more. The main cause of the extinctions is the destruction of natural habitats by human activities, such as cutting down forests and converting land into fields for farming.

A dagger symbol (†) placed next to the name of a species or other taxon normally indicates its status as extinct.

Примеры употребления для extinction
1. Will Smith entre extinction et refondation Le cinéma du mercredi.
2. Le gouvernement optera pour dautres méthodes qui accéléreront cette extinction ", dit le patron de la police.
3. De fait, les mots " extinction des poursuites " et " grâce " reviennent d';s les premiers articles.
4. On parle d‘«extinction fonctionnelle». Mais tout le monde sait que c‘est fini.
5. Lassassin a pu bénéficier, en 2005, de mesures de clémence : " Extinction des poursuites judiciaires.